Low-Cost VPS Testing

Oct 10. 2019

Last time around I was looking for a large dedicated VPS in the $100/month price range. Since then I have started deploying a lot more tiny cloud instances that cost less than $10/month to run just one or two apps. So this time around I am looking for the best bang for the buck for less $10 per month. Unmanaged, of course. Just spin it up with a recent OS and put my public key in the root account. Should be simple enough. Let's see how they do.

I tested the following providers. To understand why I rated the way I did, click through to read the details:

Kamatera Really fast disk, ok network, ok cpu, ok signup. Overall Good.
A2 Hosting Good disk, fast network, good cpu, bad signup. Overall ok.
Hostwinds ok disk, fast network, ok cpu, good signup. Overall ok.
1&1 Ionos Good disk, good network, good cpu, ok signup. Overall Good.
Clouding.io ok disk, good network, good cpu, good signup. Overall Good.
Hetzner Fast disk, fast network, ok cpu, great signup. Overall really Good.
Upcloud Good disk, good network, fast cpu, great signup. Overall really Good.
vpsdime Fast disk, fast network, fast cpu, bad signup. Overall ok.
Lunanode Fast disk, good network, fast cpu, good signup. Overall really Good.
Vultr Good disk, good network, good cpu, good signup. Overall good.
Linode Really fast disk, fast network, ok cpu, good signup. Overall Good.
OVH Good disk, ok network, good cpu, bad signup. Overall ok.
RamNode Good disk, good network, ok cpu, good signup. Overall Good.
Contabo Good disk, good network, fast cpu, bad signup. Overall ok.
Scaleway Good disk, fast network, cool cpu, good signup. Overall really Good.
DigitalOcean Good disk, really fast network, ok cpu, great signup. Overall really Good.
BuyVM Good disk, fast network, fast cpu, bad signup. Overall Good.
Amazon Lightsail Slow disk, slower network, fast cpu, ok signup. Overall ok.
Microsoft Azure Really slow disk, fast network, good cpu, bad signup. Overall ok.
Skysilk Ok disk, ok network, fast cpu, good signup. Overall ok.
VPSServer Fast disk, good network, fast cpu, good signup. Overall Good.
81VPS Ok disk, good network, really slow cpu, bad signup. Overall ok.

Affiliate/Referral links

I have included some referral links. I have more than enough hosting available to me, so don't feel obligated to click them. But some of them give you some free credit as well.

The Tests

My very unscientific overall perf test which combines cpu and disk io is to time how long it takes to compile PHP.

git clone https://git.php.net/repository/php-src.git
cd php-src
./buildconf -f
./configure --disable-all
time make (make -j N for N vCPUs)

Disk IO testing for large-file read/write along with random buffered reads is done with dd and hdparm like this:

sync; dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/tempfile bs=1M count=8192; sync
# Then wipe the cache (except on OpenVZ virts since you don't really have your own kernel)
/sbin/sysctl -w vm.drop_caches=3
dd if=/root/tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=8192
/sbin/sysctl -w vm.drop_caches=3
hdparm -Tt /dev/sdaN

Network perf to California and Netherlands:

  iperf3 -c iperf.he.net
  iperf3 -p 5002 -c speedtest.serverius.net

Kamatera

Kamatera has a PHP service option. For $9/month you get a dedicated cpu thread, 1G of ram and 20G of SSD. That's a nice little setup given the performance should be guaranteed. It is based on Ubuntu 18.04-LTS and comes with PHP 7.3 and nginx-1.14 preconfigured for PHP-FPM.

You can spin up servers in Hong Kong, Toronto, NY, Santa Clara, Texas, Amsterdam, Frankfurt, London, and 5 different cities in Israel. I chose Santa Clara.

Positives

Good PHP 7.3 default config with opcache enabled and mysqlnd plus most common extensions compiled in.
nginx/php-fpm works out of the box. You can drop a PHP app into /var/www/html and it will just work
Free single-server 30-day trial. Really nice to be able to test out the VPS before committing!

Negatives

no way to upload a public key to your profile, so you have to do a password-root-login initially
no IPv6. It's late 2019. Every service should provide IPv6 alongside IPv4
Even though the PHP setup has MySQL/MariaDB support, you have to install your own DB server to use it locally. Of course, there is also a MySQL-specific service, so you could run two servers and separate your web from your DB, but at this pricepoint I don't see too many people doing that
These days any PHP setup is going to need Composer installed. It wasn't.
nginx setup could use some tuning. (switch to a unix-domain socket for php-fpm, enable sendfile, tune proxy buffers)

PHP Notes

Since this was an nginx/php-fpm service, some nginx/php-fpm specific notes:

Remember to turn off display_errors in /etc/php/7.3/fpm/php.ini before you go live
if this is going to be a dedicated PHP server, I would tweak the following:
- opcache.memory_consumption from 128 to 512 (but leave room for your DB - if you app is DB-heavy, go lower or get a bigger VPS)
- opcache.interned_strings_buffer from 8 to 64
- switch nginx to server unix:/run/php/php7.3-fpm.sock; and php-fpm to listen = /run/php/php7.3-fpm.sock
- if you are not going to use a cdn for static files, enable sendfile in nginx

Specs
OS	Ubuntu 18.04-LTS
Hypervisor	VMware
CPU (dedicated thread)	Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2660 v3 @ 2.60GHz
Ram	1G
Disk	20G
Bandwidth	5TB/month at 10 Gbit/sec
Cost	$9/month
Server location	Santa Clare, CA
Time to spin up new server	13 minutes

Performance
PHP compile time	3m46s
Disk IO	890 MB/s write, 855 MB/s read, 911 MB/s buffered reads, 6165 MB/s cached reads
Network	185 Mbits/sec down, 183 Mbits/sec up to Fremont, CA
	62 Mbits/sec down, 52 Mbits/sec up to Netherlands

I also tried the $4/month non-dedicated cpu thread service. Like the previous test, I spun it up in Santa Clara. This time I just selected a regular VPS. It spun up much quicker than the previous service one. 3 minutes vs. 13. Probably because it installed a lot less on it. One slight annoyance was that Debian 10 was not an option. It has been out for a couple of months, so I would expect to see it by now. Performance-wise the $4/month non-dedicated cpu VPS performed about the same as the $9/month dedicated. But, that extra $5 gives you some assurance that you will always see this level of performance. With the cheaper option you have to hope a noisy neighbour doesn't show up.

Specs
OS	Debian 9.4
Kernel	4.9.0
Hypervisor	VMware
CPU	Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2660 v3 @ 2.60GHz
Ram	1G
Disk	20G
Bandwidth	5TB/month at 10 Gbit/sec
Cost	$4/month
Server location	Santa Clare, CA
Time to spin up new server	3 minutes

Performance
PHP compile time	3m58s
Disk IO	997 MB/s write, 1.0 GB/s read, buffered reads 934 MB/s, cached reads 7358 MB/s
Network	170 Mbits/sec down, 167 Mbits/sec up to Fremont, CA
	44 Mbits/sec down, 41 Mbits/sec up to Netherlands

Conclusion

I like Kamatera. The signup process and the free trial was smooth. I was able to try different configurations without a bunch of billing hassle and the performance was decent. Initial public key server auth, IPv6, and Debian 10 would be at the top of my wishlist for this service.

A2 Hosting

They have $5 single core, 512M ram and 20G SSD. For $10 you get 1G of ram and an extra 10G of SSD storage. Sounds promising. Locations are limited to Michigan, Arizona, Amsterdam and Singapore. I chose the $5 VPS in Arizona. Again, no Debian 10 and the signup process had a bunch of strange upsell options I have never heard of, but whatever, at least they weren't added by default. Also, the "Complete Order" page spun forever on me, but I got an email with an order confirmation so it went through.

Negatives

No public key initial access
No Ipv6
No Debian 10
I had to go look at the sshd config to see that the default sshd only listens on port 7822
OpenVZ virt which means, amongst other things, that you are usually stuck sharing an ancient kernel with other virts on the box
Not great disk IO performance

Positives

Pretty nice HTML5 serial console (which I needed to figure out how to ssh in)
Good CPU and network performance

Specs
OS	Debian 9.11
Kernel	2.6.32
Hypervisor	OpenVZ (not really a hypervisor, of course)
CPU	Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2620 v3 @ 2.40GHz
Ram	512M
Disk	20G
Bandwidth	2 TB/month
Cost	$5/month
Server location	Arizona
Time to spin up new server	5 minutes

Performance
PHP compile time	2m50s
Disk IO	470 MB/s write (no way to clear disk cache on OpenVZ so skipped read tests)
Network	701 Mbits/sec down, 701 Mbits/sec up to Fremont, CA
	114 Mbits/sec down, 113 Mbits/sec up to Netherlands

Conclusion

I am not a fan of OpenVZ VPS'. The performance tends to be quite good as long as your provider doesn't oversell the host. OpenVZ doesn't isolate you very well from noisy neighbours, so the risk for performance degradation is higher. My test VPS performed well and if it continues to perform at the current level then it is good bang for the buck at $5/month.

Hostwinds

1G Ram with 30G of SSD for $4.49 and 2G/50G for $8.99. Locations in Dallas, Seattle and Amsterdam. I chose the $4.49 ($4.99 recurring) plan in Seattle. Simple and transparent signup process. I really like when providers give me my own IPv6 /64 subnet to play with. In this case the management console didn't let you set the rDNS for arbitrary addresses in that subnet though. I'd have to hit that "Add IPv6 Address" button a lot to get to 2607:5501:3000:43f:1:5ee:bad:c0de

But adding it manually on the VM without worrying about the console worked ok. You just don't get reverse dns for it.

PING 2607:5501:3000:43f:1:5ee:bad:c0de(2607:5501:3000:43f:1:5ee:bad:c0de) 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 2607:5501:3000:43f:1:5ee:bad:c0de: icmp_seq=1 ttl=53 time=27.1 ms
64 bytes from 2607:5501:3000:43f:1:5ee:bad:c0de: icmp_seq=2 ttl=53 time=28.0 ms
64 bytes from 2607:5501:3000:43f:1:5ee:bad:c0de: icmp_seq=3 ttl=53 time=26.0 ms
64 bytes from 2607:5501:3000:43f:1:5ee:bad:c0de: icmp_seq=4 ttl=53 time=25.5 ms
64 bytes from 2607:5501:3000:43f:1:5ee:bad:c0de: icmp_seq=5 ttl=53 time=25.8 ms

There is also a "Firewall Profile" thing, but I couldn't figure out how to create a new profile. It just had a default profile that allowed all traffic.

Positives

You get to see all your configuration options before paying
IPv6 with a /64 Subnet!
It installed the public key I added to my profile, so I could ssh right in!
Fast network IO

Negatives

I had issues booting the server initially. Had to pop into the VNC console and Ctrl-Alt-Del it
No Debian 10
There was a key I didn't recognize in ~root/authorized_keys
Really slow disk writes! (perhaps I got unlucky?)

Specs
OS	Debian 9.1
Kernel	4.9.0
Hypervisor	kvm
CPU	Intel Xeon E3-12xx v2 (Ivy Bridge, IBRS)
Ram	1G
Disk	30G
Bandwidth	1 TB/month
Cost	$4.99/month
Server location	Seattle
Time to spin up new server	10 minutes

Performance
PHP compile time	5m45s
Disk IO	59 MB/s write, 637 MB/s read, buffered reads 450 MB/s, cached reads 6828 MB/s
Network	901 Mbits/sec down, 899 Mbits/sec up to Fremont, CA
	131 Mbits/sec down, 130 Mbits/sec up to Netherlands

Conclusion

Hostwinds gets almost everything right although my instance suffered from really slow disk writes. I went back a couple of days later and re-ran the large-file write test and it was slow again.

1&1 IONOS

$2/month! 512M ram, 10G SSD, single-core, of course. Locations United States (Kansas), Germany, UK and Spain. They also have 2 vCores with 2G of ram and 80G SSD for $10/month which is a really good deal. But I had to try the $2 one.

Positives

$2/month!
Quick sign-up process

Negatives

Kind of annoying contract-based signup and billing system makes it hard to switch and try different services
No public key initial auth
No Debian 10
No IPv6 (but it looks like they might support it for the larger instances?)

Specs
OS	Debian 9.11
Kernel	4.9.0
Hypervisor	VMware
CPU	Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 5120 CPU @ 2.20GHz
Ram	512M
Disk	10G
Bandwidth	Unlimited
Cost	$2/month
Server location	Kansas
Time to spin up new server	10 minutes

Performance
PHP compile time	3m10s
Disk IO	387 MB/s write, 443 MB/s read, buffered reads 121 MB/s, cached reads 7112 MB/s
Network	272 Mbits/sec down, 270 Mbits/sec up to Fremont, CA
	130 Mbits/sec down, 129 Mbits/sec up to Netherlands

Conclusion

Hard to beat $2/month for a capable VPS with supposedly unlimited bandwidth.

Clouding.io

0.5(!) vCores, 1G of ram and 5G of SSD for €3/month. Each additional 5G of SSD is €0.50. I was not given a choice of where to host it, but the ip shows up as being in Barcelona, so I guess that is the only data center available. The signup process was easy, and while they didn't let me upload my own public key, they created one for me and let me create additional ones and had me download the private key. Then just ssh -i ~/.ssh/clouding.pem root@<ip> and I was off and running.

One interesting note was that the marketing folks from Clouding were the only ones to catch on and reach out to me while I was writing this. I suppose it helps being a smaller provider for this, but i thought it was pretty impressive that they connected the dots and figured out I was probably writing a follow-up to my January 2018 VPS Testing article.

Positives

Easy signup with a free trial
Public key initial login
Nice default firewall setup and a good UI to customize it.
Good performance on the PHP compile test

Negatives

No IPv6
No Debian 10
Somewhat slow disk read times
Only Barcelona data center
I didn't see a way to configure reverse dns

Specs
OS	Debian 9.3
Kernel	4.9.0
Hypervisor	KVM
CPU	Intel Xeon Virtual CPU
Ram	1G
Disk	10G
Bandwidth	2TB/month and €0.02/GB beyond that
Cost	€3.50/month
Server location	Barcelona
Time to spin up new server	2 minutes

Performance
PHP compile time	3m20s
Disk IO	480 MB/s write, 189 MB/s read, buffered reads 173 MB/s, cached reads 8956 MB/s
Network	89 Mbits/sec down, 87 Mbits/sec up to Fremont, CA
	419 Mbits/sec down, 417 Mbits/sec up to Netherlands

I tested a 2nd server setup since they were nice enough to contact me. This time a slightly bigger instance for €9/month with 1 core, 4G of ram and 15G of storage. And I went with the "LEMP" template instead of Debian to see what their PHP setup looked like.

It was a standard Ubuntu nginx 1.14.0 PHP 7.2.19 setup. For an instance with 4G of ram like this, assuming it will be a dedicated web server, you would want to edit /etc/php/7.2/fpm/php.ini and set:

[opcache]
opcache.enable=1
opcache.memory_consumption=1024
opcache.interned_strings_buffer=256
opcache.max_accelerated_files=100000
opcache.validate_timestamps=1
opcache.revalidate_freq=5
opcache.save_comments=1
opcache.use_cwd=1
opcache.enable_file_override=0
opcache.enable_cli=0
opcache.max_wasted_percentage=10
opcache.interned_strings_buffer=256
opcache.fast_shutdown=1
opcache.huge_code_pages=0
opcache.optimization_level=-1
opcache.log_verbosity_level=2

And then run systemctl restart php7.2-fpm to restart PHP-FPM. If you have a ton of PHP code, keep an eye on <?php phpinfo();?> and look for any restarts. Especially the OOM restarts counter you will find the in the Opcache section of phpinfo(). If that is increasing more than once every couple of days as you push new code, then you need to allocate more memory to Opcache.

This setup had fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php7.2-fpm.sock; in the nginx config to have nginx talk to php over a unix domain socket, which is good. And in general the nginx setup had good defaults.

Specs
OS	Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS
Kernel	4.15.0
Hypervisor	KVM
CPU	Intel Xeon Virtual CPU
Ram	4G
Disk	15G
Bandwidth	2TB/month and €0.02/GB beyond that
Cost	€9/month
Server location	Barcelona
Time to spin up new server	5 minutes

Performance
PHP compile time	2m55s
Disk IO	590 MB/s write, 184 MB/s read, buffered reads 181 MB/s, cached reads 7504 MB/s
Network	63 Mbits/sec down, 61 Mbits/sec up to Fremont, CA
	470 Mbits/sec down, 469 Mbits/sec up to Netherlands

Conclusion

The slow network speed to California is to be expected from a server hosted in Barcelona. Disk reads were a bit below average, but overall this was a pleasant experience. The PHP compile time was near the top of the list which is a good indication that the VPS performance is solid.

Hetzner

Hetzner has been around forever. Locations in Germany (Nuremberg and Falkenstein) and Helskinki. For €2.49/month you get 1 vCPU, 2G RAM and 20G SSD. Or for €4.90 2vCPU/4G/40G. That's quite a bit of power for a service just over $5/month. I really like Hetzner's provisioning process. You get a lot of control over everything. You can even choose between ext4 and XFS for your filesystem.

Positives

Debian 10
Public key initial login with your own uploaded key
IPv6 with a /64 subnet and reverse DNS
Floating IPs that can be assigned to any VPS
Backchannel private network
Choice between ext4 and XFS filesystems (certain workloads are better suited to XFS)
The way you can create, attach, detach, re-attach and grow storage volumes is extremely nice

Negatives

Only European data centers

Specs
OS	Debian 10.1
Kernel	4.19.0
Hypervisor	KVM
CPU	Intel Xeon Processor (Skylake, IBRS)
Ram	2G
Disk	20G
Bandwidth	20TB/month
Cost	€2.49/month
Server location	Nuremberg
Time to spin up new server	1 minute

Performance
PHP compile time	4m30s
Disk IO	525 MB/s write, 1.2 GB/s read, buffered reads 1.1 GB/s, cached reads 5662 MB/s
Network	117 Mbits/sec down, 115 Mbits/sec up to Fremont, CA
	2.2 Gbits/sec down, 2.2 Gbits/sec up to Netherlands

I also tested the €4.90 2vCPU/4G/40G config.

Specs
OS	Debian 10.1
Kernel	4.19.0
Hypervisor	KVM
CPU	2 x Intel Xeon Processor (Skylake, IBRS)
Ram	2G
Disk	20G
Bandwidth	20TB/month
Cost	€4.90/month
Server location	Nuremberg
Time to spin up new server	1 minute

Performance
PHP compile time	2m31s
Disk IO	495 MB/s write, 710 MB/s read, buffered reads 481 MB/s, cached reads 6388 MB/s
Network	153 Mbits/sec down, 151 Mbits/sec up to Fremont, CA
	1.5 Gbits/sec down, 1.5 Gbits/sec up to Netherlands

Conclusion

Hetzner is a very polished service to use. New servers spin up almost instantly. It is up to date with the latest OS versions and gives you all sorts of configuration options. IPv6 with your own /64 subnet and reverse DNS and the price vs. performance is awesome. If you need a place to host in Europe, you can't go wrong with Hetzner.

Upcloud

Disclaimer: I really like Upcloud. Through their great referral program from my first article I got a lot of free credits and have been using those to host small projects. If you sign up using my referral link you will get a $25 credit on the service.

$5/month gets you 1 core, 1G of ram and 25G of SSD. For $10 you get double the ram and storage. Locations are Frankfurt, Helsinki, Amsterdam, Singapore, London, Chicaco and San Jose. You have plenty of configuration options, including the type of network adapter (VirtIO, Intel E1000 or RealTek RTL8139 emulation) and a choice between standard VGA and Cirrus Logic for your display adapter. The display adapter probably makes a difference if you are doing Windows hosting, which they also support. For my Linux hosting I don't see how it comes into play.

Positives

Debian 10
Public key initial login with your own uploaded key
IPv6
Easy to use firewall setup
Custom images, templates and startup scripts
Really fast raw CPU speed for a $5 VPS

Negatives

Disk IO and network performance is average
No IPv6 /64 subnet. You can only request 5 IPv6 addresses

Specs
OS	Debian 10.1
Kernel	4.19.0
Hypervisor	KVM
CPU	Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6136 CPU @ 3.00GHz
Ram	2G
Disk	25G
Bandwidth	1TB/month
Cost	$5/month
Server location	San Jose
Time to spin up new server	1 minute

Performance
PHP compile time	2m40s
Disk IO	422 MB/s write, 408 MB/s read, buffered reads 363 MB/s, cached reads 8632 MB/s
Network	295 Mbits/sec down, 295 Mbits/sec up to Fremont, CA
	126 Mbits/sec down, 126 Mbits/sec up to Netherlands

Conclusion

It is impressive to see a single core VPS compile PHP in under 3 minutes! The provisioning process is amazing and now that they have a San Jose location I get 10ms pings from my home connection.

vpsdime

Locations Los Angeles (1Gbps), UK (1Gbps), Dallas (10Gbps) and Seattle (10Gbps). Their map shows locations in New Jersey and Amsterdam as well, but I didn't get those as options for my $7 VPS. For those $7/month you get 4 vCPUs, 6G of RAM and 30G of disk! That is almost unbelievable. Let's see what the catch is.

Interesting note during their signup process:

Anything related to ZenCash, Digital currency mining, Mass mailing, Torrents, TOR, Mining,
IRC, Teamspeak, Starbound, Runescape, Minecraft and Multics are NOT ALLOWED.
Please read our TOS before ordering.

The signup process was a bit confusing to me. You didn't really get to configure anything

This also happened to be the first provider to cleartext email me both the root and management console passwords. I was a little hard on them in my instant cancellation. As it turns out a number of providers I tried after them did the same thing. From a customer support angle I can understand it. It is hard to explain SSH keys. It is much easier to just give out a password. But, I still insist on the public key option, even if a provider wants to default to passwords.

Positives

Debian 10
Amazing performance at this price but beware of load limits and less resource isolation because of OpenVZ

Negatives

No public key initial login
Emailed me my vpsdime.com password
Emailed me my VPS root password
The signup process wasn't super clear
No IPv6
The management UI isn't great
OpenVZ
Load limits

Specs
OS	Debian 10.1
Kernel	4.19.0
Hypervisor	OpenVZ
CPU	4 x Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2697 v2 @ 2.70GHz
Ram	6G
Disk	30G
Cost	$7/month
Bandwidth	2TB/month
Server location	Dallas
Time to spin up new server	10 minutes

Performance
PHP compile time	1m8.153s
Disk IO	818 MB/s write, 939 MB/s read, buffered reads 496 MB/s, cached reads 9047 MB/s
Network	770 Mbits/sec down, 770 Mbits/sec up to Fremont, CA
	188 Mbits/sec down, 187 Mbits/sec up to Netherlands

Conclusion

So, the catch was that it was an OpenVZ VPS. If you can get beyond the rather crappy UI, the terrible password management and the somewhat harsh load limits, this can give you amazing performance for the price. However, as they note:

"Users are REQUIRED to control their 15-min system load to remain below 2.0 at all times."

If you don't do this, your VPS can get suspended on you. So really, this isn't actually a VPS. This is more like shared hosting where you are really prone to a noisy neighbour affecting you. They do have a more traditional VPS service called "Premium VPS" at $20/month where you get 1 dedicated vCPU, 4G or RAM and 60G of SSD. That has no load limits, of course. If you are interested, I have an affiliate link you can use: https://vpsdime.com/aff.php?aff=1986

Lunanode

$3.50 fpr 1 vCPU, 1G of RAM and 15G of SSD. For $7 you can choose between either 2G of RAM or 2 vCPUs along with 20G of storage. Very nice signup process. It is obvious where to add your SSH public key which is always a good sign. Locations are Toronto, Montreal and Roubaix (France). I went with the $7/month 2vCPU option in Toronto.

Positives

$20 free trial credit - affiliate link: https://www.lunanode.com/?r=12095
IPv6
Public key initial login (If I hadn't done an ISO install to get Debian 10)

Negatives

No Debian 10 template, but they did have a Debian 10 ISO option so it took a little longer to bring up because I had to do a manual install in a VNC window
Had a weird issue that I couldn't get to the iperf port (5201) on iperf.he.net's IPv6 address It worked ok when I switched to IPv4. It didn't appear to be a firewall issue, at least not any firewall I could see.
Not completely obvious that you have to click your Keypair button to activate it. Since it is solid-filled blue it looks selected, but unless it has an orange border, it isn't.

Specs
OS	Debian 10.1
Kernel	4.19.0
Hypervisor	KVM
CPU	2 x Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2690 v2 @ 3.00GHz
Ram	1G
Disk	20G
Cost	$7/month
Bandwidth	2TB/month
Server location	Toronto
Time to spin up new server	15 minutes (because I did an ISO install)

Performance
PHP compile time	1m59s
Disk IO	330 MB/s write, 1.8 GB/s read, buffered reads 1.5 GB/s, cached reads 9559 MB/s
Network	365 Mbits/sec down, 365 Mbits/sec up to Fremont, CA
	238 Mbits/sec down, 237 Mbits/sec up to Netherlands

I also tried the $3.50 VPS but this time used the Debian 9 template so I wouldn't have to go through the manual ISO install again. Interestingly you log in as debian@ instead of root@ then you can sudo bash from there.

Specs
OS	Debian 9.11
Kernel	4.9.0
Hypervisor	KVM
CPU	Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2690 v2 @ 3.00GHz
Ram	512M
Disk	16G
Cost	$3.50/month
Bandwidth	1TB/month
Server location	Toronto
Time to spin up new server	1 minute

Performance
PHP compile time	3m55s
Disk IO	278 MB/s write, 878 MB/s read, buffered reads 626 MB/s, cached reads 9866 MB/s
Network	397 Mbits/sec down, 397 Mbits/sec up to Fremont, CA
	241 Mbits/sec down, 240 Mbits/sec up to Netherlands

Conclusion

I like Lunanode. I had some networking confusion, but they were my own doing. If you remove the default security group in the management UI you can't get anywhere. Performance for the 2vCPU $7 VPS was great and if you are looking for a Canadian presence or a non-US North American one, this is a great choice. For a $20 credit you can use my referral link

Vultr

$2.50, $3.50 and $5 plans with increasing ram, storage and bandwidth. The $2.50 plan is IPv6-only! There are certainly use-cases where you don't need IPv4. So, of course I had to try that one out. 1 vCPU, 512M of ram and 10G of SSD. Lots of locations all over the world. I chose Atlanta because the $2.50 IPv6-only was only available there and in New Jersey.

Positives

Public key initial login
Debian 10
IPv6 with a /64!
$2.50!

Negatives

Very low bandwidth limit but the $5 option gives you 1TB

Specs
OS	Debian 10.1
Kernel	4.19.0
Hypervisor	KVM
CPU	Virtual CPU 523cbcdd6ca4
Ram	512M
Disk	10G
Bandwidth	0.5TB/month
Cost	$2.50/month
Server location	Atlanta
Time to spin up new server	1 minute

Performance
PHP compile time	3m36s
Disk IO	357 MB/s write, 281 MB/s read, buffered reads 292 MB/s, cached reads 9604 MB/s
Network	237 Mbits/sec down, 236 Mbits/sec up to Fremont, CA
	190 Mbits/sec down, 190 Mbits/sec up to Netherlands

Conclusion

Interestingly I wasn't able to compile PHP without adding a 1G swap file:

    dd if=/dev/zero of=/swap.img bs=1M count=1024
    mkswap /swap.img
    chmod 0600 /swap.img
    swapon /swap.img

But with that, the performance was pretty good. 3m36 to compile and we know it went into swap doing so. For $2.50/month this was a solid little server. Of course, you would have to keep the IPv6-only aspect in mind for any use-cases. But if you need a server with 18446744073709551616 different possible IP addresses, or perhaps just a server where you can make your IP 2001:19f0:5401:2117:1:5ee:bad:c0de. You can even rdns it easily in the management UI:

    $ host 2001:19f0:5401:2117:1:5ee:bad:c0de
    e.d.0.c.d.a.b.0.e.e.5.0.1.0.0.0.7.1.1.2.1.0.4.5.0.f.9.1.1.0.0.2.ip6.arpa domain name pointer iseebadcode.lerdorf.com.

You can add an IPv4 address to it for $3/month, but they have better $5 deals which include an IPv4. Overall Vultr is a solid service. They get everything right. Referral link

Linode

Plenty of locations world-wide. They have a "Nanode" for $5/month with 1 vCPU, 1G of ram and 25G of storage. I chose their Fremont location.

Positives

Public key initial login with my own key
IPv6
Debian 10
Very nice provisioning process

Negatives

It would be nice if you could add an IPv6 network via the Web UI. It is only possible by contacting support.
No cloud firewall

Specs
OS	Debian 10.1
Kernel	4.19.0
Hypervisor	KVM
CPU	Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2680 v2 @ 2.80GHz
Ram	1G
Disk	25G
Bandwidth	1TB/month
Cost	$5/month
Server location	Fremont
Time to spin up new server	1 minute

Performance
PHP compile time	4m6s
Disk IO	902 MB/s write, 1.2 GB/s read, buffered reads 1.2 GB/s, cached reads 8984 MB/s
Network	1.1 Gbits/sec down, 1.1 Gbits/sec up to Fremont, CA
	126 Mbits/sec down, 126 Mbits/sec up to Netherlands

Conclusion

Very nice network performance from Fremont to Fremont :) The new Web UI is much much better than the old one, and the performance of the $5 Nanode was excellent. Referral link

OVH

$3.35 for 1 vCPU, 2G ram and 20G SSD. Double ram and storage for $6.87. They have data centers all over, but for some reason I was only able to choose the Beauharnois Canada location. And the ordering experience is terrible. You select your VPS and provide billing info and you get a:

"Within a maximum of 24 hours, you will receive an email confirming that your VPS has been delivered, along with your bill."

where other providers spin up your VPS within minutes at that point. In the end I got that email about 15 minutes later on a Sunday evening.

Positives

Debian 10
IPv6
Unlimited bandwidth (but at 100 Mbps)
You can set the VM to "terminate on expiry date" to avoid getting billed for extra time you don't need

Negatives

The difference between the management consoles at us.ovhcloud.com and ca.ovh.com is super-confusing. They have separate logins and I can never figure out which is which.
Emailed root password! Are SSH keys really that difficult to manage?
The provided IPv6 wasn't configured on my VM but it worked ok after I manually added it to the /etc/network/interfaces.d/50-cloud-init.cfg file.
Difficult to figure out how to delete the instance

Specs
OS	Debian 10.1
Kernel	4.19.0
Hypervisor	KVM
CPU	Intel Core Processor (Haswell, no TSX, IBRS)
Ram	2G
Disk	20G
Bandwidth	Unlimited at 100 Mbps
Cost	$3.35/month
Server location	Beauharnois
Time to spin up new server	15 minutes

Performance
PHP compile time	3m42s
Disk IO	186 MB/s write, 606 MB/s read, buffered reads 486 MB/s, cached reads 7981 MB/s
Network	97 Mbits/sec down, 95 Mbits/sec up to Fremont, CA
	92 Mbits/sec down, 90 Mbits/sec up to Netherlands

Conclusion

Disk writes and network performance were quite poor. The emailed root password just grates on my nerves. Having said that, I am actually an OVH US customer because I have one of their dedicated bare metal servers and the provisioning experience wasn't great for that either. I got it at a great price through some introductory offer when they opened a west coast data center and as bad as some of these provisioning and management interfaces are, once you are up and running it doesn't matter that much.

Surprisingly the IPv6 I was assigned already had someone else's reverse dns. That is not uncommon for IPv4, but the IPv6 range of addresses is so vast that it is really unusual to see that. And there was an odd thing about needing a number keypad for numbers in the console window. Which wasn't true, of course. When I send it 123 it has no way of knowing if that was typed on number keypad or not.

RamNode

$3 1vCPU, 512M ram and 10G SSD. $5 for 2 vCPU, 1G and 25G SSD. I chose the $5 option in their LA data center. They also have Atlanta, NYC, Seattle and Netherlands.

Positives

Public key initial login with my own key
Debian 10
IPv6

Negatives

Management UI is a bit sparse. No cloud firewall or any bells and whistles
They have a "Security Groups" thing but I couldn't figure out how to add my own rules to it

Specs
OS	Debian 10.1
Kernel	4.19.0
Hypervisor	KVM
CPU	AMD EPYC Processor (with IBPB)
Ram	1G
Disk	25G
Bandwidth	2TB/month
Cost	$5/month
Server location	Los Angeles
Time to spin up new server	12 minutes

Performance
PHP compile time	4m8s
Disk IO	475 MB/s write, 212 MB/s read, buffered reads 133 MB/s, cached reads 2054 MB/s
Network	340 Mbits/sec down, 338 Mbits/sec up to Fremont, CA
	132 Mbits/sec down, 131 Mbits/sec up to Netherlands

Conclusion

For a 2-core VPS, I was hoping for a little faster PHP compile time. Disk reads were also a bit slow. But overall for $5 this is a good VPS. Everything worked out of the box.

Contabo

€4.99/month for 4 vCPU, 8G of ram and 200G SSD! And €8.99 gets you 6 cores, 16G of ram and 400G of storage. They also offer "SSD-boosted" HDD VPS setups if you need lots of storage. Another what's the catch offer. I was a big fan of Contabo last time around, so maybe there is no catch. Let's see. I chose the €4.99 Debian 10 option. It says it is on a 200 Mbit/s switch port, so I suspect that will be reflected in the bandwidth numbers. The €8.99 option is on a 400 Mbit/s switch port.

Positives

IPv6 with a /64 and rDNS (have to run enable_ipv6 and reboot to activate it)

$ ping 2a02:c207:2030:5849:1:5ee:dead:c0de
PING 2a02:c207:2030:5849:1:5ee:dead:c0de(2a02:c207:2030:5849:1:5ee:dead:c0de) 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 2a02:c207:2030:5849:1:5ee:dead:c0de: icmp_seq=1 ttl=56 time=167 ms
64 bytes from 2a02:c207:2030:5849:1:5ee:dead:c0de: icmp_seq=2 ttl=56 time=163 ms
64 bytes from 2a02:c207:2030:5849:1:5ee:dead:c0de: icmp_seq=3 ttl=56 time=162 ms
64 bytes from 2a02:c207:2030:5849:1:5ee:dead:c0de: icmp_seq=4 ttl=56 time=162 ms
64 bytes from 2a02:c207:2030:5849:1:5ee:dead:c0de: icmp_seq=5 ttl=56 time=161 ms
$ host 2a02:c207:2030:5849:1:5ee:dead:c0de
e.d.0.c.d.a.e.d.e.e.5.0.1.0.0.0.9.4.8.5.0.3.0.2.7.0.2.c.2.0.a.2.ip6.arpa domain name pointer iseedeadcode.lerdorf.com.

Debian 10
Unlimited bandwidth (at 200 Mbps)

Negatives

Setup fee if you don't commit to a 12-month contract
No locations other than Nuremberg (they have a Munich one too, but that wasn't given as an option)
Provisioning took a while (34 minutes)
Emailed cleartext contabo.com account password
Emailed cleartext VPS root password
Emailed cleartext VNC root password

Specs
OS	Debian 10.1
Kernel	4.19.0
Hypervisor	KVM
CPU	4 x Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2630 v4 @ 2.20GHz
Ram	8G
Disk	200G
Bandwidth	Unlimited at 200 Mbps
Cost	€4.99/month
Server location	Nuremberg
Time to spin up new server	34 minutes

Performance
PHP compile time	1m45s
Disk IO	133 MB/s write, 973 MB/s read, buffered reads 435 MB/s, cached reads 6504 MB/s
Network	139 Mbits/sec down, 139 Mbits/sec up to Fremont, CA
	202 Mbits/sec down, 189 Mbits/sec up to Netherlands

Conclusion

The 200G of storage and raw performance at this pricepoint is hard to beat. Disk writes were a little slow, but reads were fast and you are a bit limited by the 200 Mbit switch port on the smaller VPS. Jump to the €8.99 option for more bandwidth. Those emailed passwords though! I understand from a customer support angle that it is easier to just do that, but it wouldn't hurt them to have an "advanced" option somewhere where people who know what they are doing could add their public keys.

Scaleway

Locations in Paris and Amsterdam. €2.99/month gets you 2 vCPU with 2G of ram and 20G NVMe storage. Also, cheap ARM instances! For the same €2.99/month you can get a 4 core ARM instance with 2G of ram and 50G of SSD. Or a 6 core/4G instance for €5.99. Of course I had to try the ARM instance. I chose the €2.99 in their Paris data center.

Positives

Public key initial login with my own key
Debian 10
IPv6 with a /64
Firewall in the admin console
ARM!
Unlimited fast network

Negatives

I couldn't find the rDNS management UI for my nice /64, but I may have missed it

Specs
OS	Debian 10.1
Kernel	4.19.0
Hypervisor	KVM
CPU	4 x ThunderX 88XX
Ram	2G
Disk	50G
Bandwidth	Unlimited at up to 1 Gbps
Cost	€2.99/month
Server location	Paris
Time to spin up new server	2 minutes

Performance
PHP compile time	7m14
Disk IO	91 MB/s write, 412 MB/s read, buffered reads 251 MB/s, cached reads 691 MB/s
Network	136 Mbits/sec down, 135 Mbits/sec up to Fremont, CA
	848 Mbits/sec down, 846 Mbits/sec up to Netherlands

Conclusion

Since this is an ARM VPS, you can't really compare the performance numbers directly. You get generous storage, 4 cores, decent disk read io and a fast unlimited network connection. It should work well for a small web server that can handle a large number of concurrent requests as long as each one isn't too cpu intensive. And Scaleway gets everything right on the provisioning side, so their regular non-Arm VPS options look like a good choice too.

Digital Ocean

Everyone knows Digital Ocean. I probably don't need to include it, but just to compare their current $5/month droplet to the others, I have. You get 1 vCPU (shared), 1G of ram and 25G of SSD. I chose the San Francisco location. They also have NY, Amsterdam, Singapore, London, Frankfurt, Toronto and Bangalore.

Positives

Public key initial login with my own key
Debian 10
IPv6
Great provisoning experience
Great management UI
Firewall in the admin console
Local Linux distro mirrors so your package installs are lightning quick
Great documentation and tutorials for how to do all sorts of things with your Droplet

Negatives

You only get a /124 IPv6 subnet (16 IPs - how do they even do that?)

Specs
OS	Debian 10.1
Kernel	4.19.0
Hypervisor	KVM
CPU	Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6140 CPU @ 2.30GHz
Ram	1G
Disk	25G
Bandwidth	1TB/month
Cost	$5/month
Server location	San Francisco
Time to spin up new server	1 minute

Performance
PHP compile time	4m28s
Disk IO	476 MB/s write, 535 MB/s read, buffered reads 495 MB/s, cached reads 6741 MB/s
Network	2 Gbits/sec down, 2 Gbits/sec up to Fremont, CA
	147 Mbits/sec down, 147 Mbits/sec up to Netherlands

Conclusion

Digital Ocean has been a solid choice for years. Not necessarily the absolute fastest nor cheapest, but everything just works. The management UI is great. It is a bit annoying that they only provide a non-standard IPv6 /128 subnet. They own the entire 2604:a880:: block and they can fit 4,294,967,296 /64 subnets in that. Over half the people on the planet would need to sign up for a Digital Ocean VPS and enable IPv6 for them to run out. It is a bit nit-picky, of course. I use Digital Ocean myself and a bunch of php.net services are hosted on instances there so I nit-pick on their IPv6 setup because there is nothing else to criticize. For a $50 credit, you can use my referral link

BuyVM

There are lots of options below $10 here on both OpenVZ and KVM. They state,

"BuyVM has developed multiple in-house solutions to mitigate "noisy neighbor" issues.

which is interesting and I would love to know exactly what they have done. But I am still going to test one of the KVM options instead. They call them KVM Slice servers and they come in $2, $3.50, $7 of the ones under $10. 1 vCPU with 512M/1G/2G of ram and 10G/20G/40G of SSD storage. I went with the middle $3.50 one because 512M is just not enough memory for any of my use cases.

They have locations in Las Vegas, NY and Luxembourg. I went with Las Vegas.

Positives

Debian 10
IPv6 with a /64 subnet and rDNS (not enabled by default)
Unlimited fast network

Negatives

No public key initial login
They emailed me a plaintext password for the management UI
They ask you to choose a hostname, and apparently it has to be unique across all customers?
Server didn't boot initially (No bootable device)
When I finally did get it up, the Debian 10 installed was a bit old. Took a while to dist-upgrade

Specs
OS	Debian 10.1
Kernel	4.19.0
Hypervisor	Microsoft Hyper-V on top of Qemu
CPU	Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E3-1270 v3 @ 3.50GHz
Ram	1G
Disk	20G
Bandwidth	Unlimited at 1 Gbps
Cost	$3.50/month
Server location	Las Vegas
Time to spin up new server	10 minutes

Performance
PHP compile time	2m48s
Disk IO	501 MB/s write, 861 MB/s read, buffered reads 917 MB/s, cached reads 12124 MB/s
Network	919 Mbits/sec down, 919 Mbits/sec up to Fremont, CA
	153 Mbits/sec down, 153 Mbits/sec up to Netherlands

Conclusion

The VM didn't boot initially. I went through the management console and requested a reinstall and it came up after that. Performance was near the top of all the providers tested and the management UI, called Stallion, is ok. It looks like it is all written in PHP, by the way. Interestingly you can change your CPU model between "Intel/AMD" and "Qemu". You can also toggle APCI, APIC and PAE and choose your network and hard disk drivers. If you are running Windows in your VM this would be handy.

The IPV6 part of the management console gave the impression that it could enable it in the VM, but that didn't work for me. I had to do it manually. It probably works on other operating systems. Easy enough, just modify /etc/network/interfaces and add:

    iface eth0 inet6 static
        address 2605:6400:0020:016a:1:5ee:bad:c0de
        gateway 2605:6400:0020::1

It is a /64 with rDNS, so iseebadcode is back:

    $ host 2605:6400:0020:016a:1:5ee:bad:c0de
    e.d.0.c.d.a.b.0.e.e.5.0.1.0.0.0.a.6.1.0.0.2.0.0.0.0.4.6.5.0.6.2.ip6.arpa domain name pointer iseebadcode.lerdorf.com.

And speaking of rDNS, the previous owner's rDNS was left on my IPv4. It was hsiaokang.pigbaby.com.

Despite the bad first impression, this turned out to be a solid VM. Referral link

Amazon Lightsail

I find the AWS UI hard to navigate. But once you find your way to the Lightsail section it gets a bit easier. Upload your public key, choose an OS and an instance plan. The $3.50/month was free for a month, so I picked that one. 1 vCPU, 512M of ram and 20G SSD. For $5 you get 1G/40G which is probably the one you should get if you are going to go with Lightsail.

Positives

Public key initial login with my own key

Negatives

No Debian 10 and took a while to dist-upgrade because the latest was 9.5
No IPv6

Specs
OS	9.11 (upgraded from 9.5)
Kernel	4.9.0
Hypervisor	Xen
CPU	Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2676 v3 @ 2.40GHz
Ram	512M
Disk	20G
Bandwidth	1TB/month
Cost	$3.50/month
Server location	Montreal
Time to spin up new server	2 minutes

Performance
PHP compile time	2m53s
Disk IO	65 MB/s write, 65 MB/s read, buffered reads 81 MB/s, cached reads 9774 MB/s
Network	27 Mbits/sec down, 24 Mbits/sec up to Fremont, CA
	42 Mbits/sec down, 40 Mbits/sec up to Netherlands

Conclusion

The lack of IPv6 from a major provider is baffling to me. Disk IO performance was relatively poor and somehow network from Montreal to Europe was faster than to California. But both were much slower than any other provider tested here. Perhaps they have throttled both disk and network IO on this free mini instance. As tested, this doesn't seem like a very serious offering.

Azure

My last time around looking at Azure I got completely lost and frustrated in the UI. Again, after way too many clicks I got to a list of VM options which had 221 entries. At least I could sort it by monthly cost. Only two options below $10. B1ls and B1s for $3.87 and $7.74. 512M vs. 1G of ram, so I chose the larger of the two in the US-West-2 region.

Positives

Free trial worth $200
Debian 10
Public key initial login with my own key and to my own specified account

Negatives

It took a lot of clicking to get to the point of actually provisioning the VM

Specs
OS	Debian 10.1
Kernel	4.19.0
Hypervisor	Microsoft Hyper-V
CPU	Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2673 v4 @ 2.30GHz
Ram	1G
Disk	30G
Bandwidth	I gave up trying to figure out what the bandwidth limits/costs were
Cost	$7.74/month
Server location	US-West
Time to spin up new server	3 minutes

Performance
PHP compile time	3m25s
Disk IO	24 MB/s write, 28 MB/s read, buffered reads 25 MB/s, cached reads 8339 MB/s
Network	905 Mbits/sec down, 904 Mbits/sec up to Fremont, CA
	140 Mbits/sec down, 139 Mbits/sec up to Netherlands

Conclusion

I didn't think it was possible to get slower than Amazon Lightsail's disk IO, but Azure managed to somehow. CPU and network performance was good though. And I liked that I was able to specify my own initial account to create. But for the price, there are better offerings out there.

Skysilk

Signup was smooth. I liked that it was possible to turn off password logins entirely before the VPS was even created and the process to add an ssh key was trivial. Locations are Los Angeles and NY. The LA data center has more bandwidth and it is closer to me, so I chose that for a $5/month VPS which gave me 1 vCPU, 2G of ram and 30G of SSD.

Positives

Public key initial login with my own key and password logins optionally disabled
IPv6 with rDNS
Interesting "Boost" mode where for 50 cents you can boost your VPS for 24 hours. In my case that meant doubling the ram from 2G to 4G.

Negatives

No Debian 10
LXC, like OpenVZ, this is not hardware virtualization so resource isolation is not as good
Only an IPv6 /124 and they don't make it obvious that you can have 16 IPv6 IPs
rDNS UI only lets you set the rDNS for one IPv6 ip. They probably didn't intend to let users add IPs manually like I did?

Specs
OS	Debian 9.11 (Upgraded from the installed 9.1)
Kernel	4.15.18
Hypervisor	LXC
CPU	Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2678 v3 @ 2.50GHz
Ram	2G
Disk	30G
Bandwidth	12TB/month at up to 500 Mbps
Cost	$5/month
Server location	Los Angeles
Time to spin up new server	2 minutes

Performance
PHP compile time	2m45s
Disk IO	217 MB/s write, 131 MB/s read, buffered reads N/A MB/s, cached reads N/A MB/s
Network	201 Mbits/sec down, 183 Mbits/sec up to Fremont, CA
	111 Mbits/sec down, 99 Mbits/sec up to Netherlands

Conclusion

I prefer hardware virtualization for the better resource isolation. That said, this was a good LXC implementation with public key setup, password logins disabled and IPv6 with a /124 (16 IPs) and it got under the 3-minute mark for the PHP compile. This is not a bad choice if you are ok with a container instead of a hardware virt. Referral link

vpsserver.com

Locations in Silicon Valley, Toronto, Tokyo, London, Frankfurt, Amsterdam, NY, Singapore, Sydney, Hong Kong, Miami, Dallas and Chicago. For $4.99 you get 1 vCPU, 1G of ramand 25G of SSD. $9.99 doubles that, including the CPUs which is a pretty good deal. Since $9.99 just sneaks in under my < $10 rule for this test, I chose that one in the Silicon Valley location. Smooth signup process. I hadn't added my SSH key before I created the VPS, but that was my mistake. I do prefer when that is part of the flow so you don't have to go looking for it.

Positives

1-day free trial
7-day free trial w/ credit card
Public key initial login with my own key
Firewall in the admin console
Debian 10
IPv6 available as an option in the admin console

Negatives

You don't get an IPv6 /64, but you can request multiple free IPv6 IPs from the console
I noticed some network blips pinging the IPv6 interface
There were two keys that weren't mine in ~root/.ssh/authorized_keys presumably for the admin console (at least I hope that is what they were for)

Specs
OS	Debian 10.1 (upgraded from 10.0)
Kernel	4.19.0
Hypervisor	KVM
CPU	2 x QEMU Virtual CPU version 2.5+
Ram	2G
Disk	50G
Bandwidth	2TB/month
Cost	$9.99/month
Server location	Silicon Valley
Time to spin up new server	5 minutes

Performance
PHP compile time	2m46s
Disk IO	778 MB/s write, 664 MB/s read, buffered reads 292 MB/s, cached reads 5918 MB/s
Network	517 Mbits/sec down, 517 Mbits/sec up to Fremont, CA
	141 Mbits/sec down, 141 Mbits/sec up to Netherlands

Conclusion

I am not that enthusiastic about admin consoles that log into my VPS and make changes to my network config and potentially other things. Once deployed, nobody and nothing should have access to my server except me. To allocate me another IP, just give me the IP info and if you want to hold my hand give me a short snippet to add to my /etc/network/interfaces file.

I would have preferred a /64 IPv6 subnet. They own the full 2604:bc0:: block, so they literally have over 4 billion /64 subnets available to them. Interestingly I noticed that 2604:bc0:1:: is assigned to their Chicago data center, 2604:bc0:2:: to NY, :3 to Silicon Valley, and :4 to Toronto.

That aside, this was a nice setup. Compile time under 3 minutes, which you would expect from a dual-core VM, and both disk and network IO were fast. Referral link

81vps.com

For $4/month you get 1 vCPU, 1G of RAM and 15G of storage. But they also have some really cheap 6 and 12-month deals. Interestingly they have an option for an Asia-Pacific optimized network out of their Los Angeles data center location.

Positives

Provisioning was lightning quick
Nearly unlimited fast network

Negatives

No public key initial login
Emailed me my VPS root password
Management console a bit slow and awkward to use
no IPv6
No Debian 10

Specs
OS	Debian 9.11 (upgraded from Debian 9.4)
Kernel	4.9.0
Hypervisor	KVM
CPU	Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2620 v2 @ 2.10GHz
Ram	1G
Disk	15G
Bandwidth	100TB/month on a 1 Gbps port
Cost	$4/month
Server location	Los Angeles
Time to spin up new server	1 minute

Performance
PHP compile time	9m4s
Disk IO	275 MB/s write, 157 MB/s read, buffered reads 205 MB/s, cached reads 1165 MB/s
Network	458 Mbits/sec down, 456 Mbits/sec up to Fremont, CA
	141 Mbits/sec down, 140 Mbits/sec up to Netherlands

Conclusion

Really slow PHP compile time. Disk IO wasn't super-fast either, but not slow enough to be causing such a slow PHP compile time. There just wasn't enough CPU available. Network speeds were good with a really high transfer limit.

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